Compatibility in acoustic telemetry

Abstract Acoustic telemetry is widely used to investigate aquatic animal movement. Pulse position modulation (PPM) an acoustic method that allows multiple unique identification codes be transmitted at a single frequency, typically in the 69 kHz range. However, because potential number of (i.e. tags) ultimately limited by pulses PPM signal, this poses practical limitation. In addition, different manufacturers have developed approaches encoding data, hampering compatibility across brands. A lack broad systems restricts users manufacturer and operating system, reduces market competition limits innovation. As tracking research community organises towards networks devices incompatibility becomes more problematic jeopardizes scientific benefits offered networking approach. Here, we make plea for collaboration among globally propose set open protocols ensure equipment interoperability as medium-term solution.